DECT-Bridge in ORANGE

[berny (First Name Last Name)]

My DECT-Bridge (Gigaset S850A GO) is in the ORANGE Network.
I read this

that there is no(!) fence between the ORANGE LAN and the Internet. That means that there should be no connection problems!

But the DECT-Bridge can not connect to the provider.

There is no difference when Masquerading is enabled or not.

Where is my misunderstanding?

[hvacguy (Shaun HVAC)]

Default red to orange is blocked.

Firewall Default Policy - The IPFire Wiki

Will need ports open for Phone.

Connect a DECT bridge

Set Outgoing Firewall to BLOCK. RED is connected to the ISP-Router, so RED is Private-LAN (192.168…) Now DECT-Phone is missing the connection. I add [grafik] and [grafik] now telephon connection for incomming and outgoing calls is ok. But now the incomming openVPN (UDP 1194) connections are routed to the PBX. I assume that is because I have ALL ports/protocols choosen in the rules for the telephone. Which ports and protocols are needed for telephone only?

[berny (First Name Last Name)]

As far as I have understand ORANGE → RED is allowed by default (see the wiki) so I assume that there is no additional rule necessary.
But even if I copy both of your settings, the DECT-Bridge is unable to connect to the ISP. Do you have additional masquerading enabled in Firewall-Options? (I have disabled this setting on alle LAN)

[hvacguy (Shaun HVAC)]

Unfortunately the remote phone server will try to open port to phone to make connections. Like ring phone . Red to orange.

[berny (First Name Last Name)]

My rules are:

From my POV this is more then necessary. ORANGE → RED shut be allowed by default as the Wiki explains. But the DECT-Bridge is unable to login to the ISP.

Is there a log where I can see if and why there are packets blocked?

[pike_it (Pike)]

May i assume that the DECT bridge counterpart (ISP/PBX) is using SIP for talking to the device in your DMZ?

[berny (First Name Last Name)]

I assume this to
To restrict the access I have now redirected the following incoming ports only:

DNS (TCP)	53	TCP
DNS (UDP)	53	UDP
H323 - call signaling and control	1731	UDP
H323 call signaling and control	1719:1720	UDP
RTP	10000:20000	UDP
RTP tcp	5004:5020	TCP
RTP udp	5004:5020	UDP
SIP encrypted tcp	5061	TCP
SIP unencrypted tcp	5060:5076	TCP
SIP unencrypted udp	5060:5076	UDP
STUN	3478	UDP

[hvacguy (Shaun HVAC)]

Can you set the DNS on the DECT unit.
There is no DNS os DHCP in orange.
Devices in orange need fixed IP.

[jon]

@berny

Is there a log where I can see if and why there are packets blocked?

WebGUI menu Logs > Firewall Logs will show what is blocked. Posting those will help.

[berny (First Name Last Name)]

I have reconfigured the DECT-Bridge to manual. And removed the fixed lease from the DHCP.

After that I have to add these two rules:

But:

shows me that ORANGE is allowed to reach the RED LAN. Why do I need the rule no. 3?
OK, it seems because there is a needed port redirection. Why does this rule need this port redirection?
Maybe it is better/easier to use the masquerading in the firewall options? Just now there are all disabled.

[hvacguy (Shaun HVAC)]

There should be no need for rule 3
Unless you are trying to log those connections.

[cfusco]

I’d like to clarify some terms that might be confusing:

• NAT (Network Address Translation): Remaps the IP addresses in the source or destination fields of IP packets, maintaining a translation table for consistent mapping and routing.

• DNAT (Destination Network Address Translation): Alters the destination IP and optionally the port number of incoming packets. Useful for directing external traffic to specific internal hosts.

• SNAT (Source Network Address Translation): Modifies the source IP and optionally the port number of outgoing packets. Used for mapping multiple internal IPs to a single or multiple public IPs. Essential for some protocols like SIP.

• Masquerading: A form of SNAT where the source IP is set to the IP of the outgoing network interface. Useful for dynamic IPs.

For your VOIP setup, you’ll need to use DNAT to divert incoming traffic to your DECT-Bridge. This is handled by rule 4. You’ll also need to configure either SNAT (for fixed public IPs) or Masquerading (for dynamic public IPs) for the outbound traffic from the DECT-Bridge to ensure SIP functionality. This would be addressed in rule 3.

If your public IP is fixed, you can use SNAT for better efficiency, though Masquerading will work as well. For specifying SNAT or MASQUERADE, you’ll need to manually configure iptables rules in firewall.local. I believe that when writing a rule using the WUI, it will be done automatically.