Automated Let's Encrypt Renewal for DMZ Servers Behind IPFire

Hello IPFire Community,

Long time, no see!

I’d like to share a solution I’ve developed for a challenge others might face when running secure web services in Orange (DMZ) networks.

The Problem

I run a personal website in my IPFire Orange network with very restrictive security policies:

  • Strict geolocation blocking to prevent access from unwanted regions
  • No permanent NAT forwarding on port 80 for security reasons
  • TLS termination on the server (not using IPFire as a reverse proxy)
  • Manual certificate renewal process that required temporarily opening port 80 and disabling geo-blocking

This manual process worked fine until recently when Let’s Encrypt stopped sending email expiration reminders. Without those notifications, I realized I needed an automated solution to prevent unexpected certificate expirations that could take my site offline.

The Constraints

My specific limitations made this challenging:

  1. Cannot use DNS-01 challenge method - my DNS provider doesn’t support the required TXT record automation
  2. Must use HTTP-01 challenge - requiring temporary port 80 access for Let’s Encrypt validation
  3. Security cannot be permanently compromised - geo-blocking and port 80 restrictions must be restored after renewal
  4. No reverse proxy setup - TLS termination happens on the DMZ server, not on IPFire

The Solution

I’ve created an automated certificate renewal handler that integrates directly with IPFire’s Web User Interface (WUI) backend. The script:

Core Functionality

  • Monitors certificate expiration via secure SSH to the DMZ server
  • Automatically triggers renewal when certificates are within 30 days of expiry
  • Temporarily modifies firewall rules using IPFire’s native WUI commands (not raw iptables)
  • Ensures complete cleanup with robust trap mechanisms that restore security settings even if the script fails

Security Features

  • SSH forced-command wrapper - limits remote operations to certificate checks and renewals only
  • Least-privilege sudo - grants passwordless access exclusively to specific certbot commands
  • Firewall orchestration - uses IPFire’s management interface to safely modify rules
  • Comprehensive logging - all actions are logged for audit trails (check with grep CertRenewal /var/log/messages)
  • Automatic restoration - geo-blocking and NAT rules always return to secure baseline

Workflow

  1. Script runs twice daily via fcron (configurable)
  2. SSH check determines if renewal is needed
  3. If required: temporarily disables geo-blocking and enables HTTP NAT rule
  4. Executes certbot renew --quiet via secure SSH wrapper
  5. Always restores original firewall configuration via exit trap
  6. Logs all operations for monitoring

Trade-offs and Considerations

Strengths

:white_check_mark: Fully automated - eliminates manual intervention and forgotten renewals
:white_check_mark: Security-focused - uses least-privilege principles throughout
:white_check_mark: IPFire-native - integrates with WUI rather than bypassing it
:white_check_mark: Robust cleanup - trap mechanisms ensure firewall always returns to secure state
:white_check_mark: Auditable - comprehensive logging for troubleshooting and compliance (grep CertRenewal /var/log/messages)
:white_check_mark: Battle-tested - handles edge cases and failure scenarios

Weaknesses and Risks

:warning: Temporary security window - brief period where geo-blocking is disabled and port 80 is open
:warning: Complexity - multiple interdependent components (SSH, sudo, firewall automation)
:warning: IPFire dependency - relies on WUI command stability across updates
:warning: Network architecture specific - designed for DMZ deployments with server-side TLS termination
:warning: Requires careful setup - SSH keys, sudo configuration, and wrapper scripts must be properly configured

Important Security Note

This script temporarily reduces your firewall’s security posture during renewal. While the cleanup mechanisms are designed to be robust, they can fail.

Get the code

The complete solution, including detailed setup instructions, configuration examples, and security considerations, is available on GitHub:

:link: GitHub - wilya7/nextcloud-cert-renewal: let's encrypt certificate of a web server behind IPFire firewall

Any feedback is welcome.

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