I always upgrade to the next available version. I have done some upgrades over two versions in my development vm’s when I have gone from a stable install to an unstable install but that is the biggest jump I have done.
While doing an upgrade over 9 versions should work, all it needs is a slight hiccup in that series of upgrades to corrupt something and that looks like what has happened with your system.
If a binary program has become corrupted there is no way to repair it. Also if that became corrupted how certain can you be that everything else is unaffected.
The recommendation is to do a fresh install and restore from the backup you ran before doing the upgrade.